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71.
72.
Electric vehicles (EVs) have a limited driving range compared to conventional vehicles. Accurate estimation of EV's range is therefore a significant need to eliminate “range anxiety” that refers to drivers' fear of running out of energy while driving. However, the range estimators used in the currently available EVs are not sufficiently accurate. To overcome this issue, more accurate range estimation techniques are investigated. Nonetheless, an accurate power‐based EV energy consumption model is crucial to obtain a precise range estimation. This paper describes a study on EV energy consumption modelling. For this purpose, EV modelling is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software based on a real EV in the market, the BMW i3. The EV model includes vehicle powertrain system and longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The powertrain is modelled using efficiency maps of the electric motor and the power electronics' data available for BMW i3. It also includes a transmission and a battery model (ie, Thevenin equivalent circuit model). A driver model is developed as well to control the vehicle's speed and to represent human driver's behaviour. In addition, a regenerative braking strategy, based on a series brake system, is developed to model the behaviour of a real braking controller. Auxiliary devices are also included in the EV model to improve energy consumption estimation accuracy as they can have a significant impact on that. The vehicle model is validated against published energy consumption values that demonstrates a satisfactory level of accuracy with 2% to 6% error between simulation and experimental results for Environmental Protection Agency and NEDC tests. 相似文献
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74.
硼中子俘获疗法(boron neutron capture therapy,BNCT)是一种可以选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞的放射疗法,硼(10 B)化合物携带剂注入人体后,会选择性富集于肿瘤细胞,与中子发生俘获反应,释放α粒子和7Li粒子杀死肿瘤。BNCT以靶向治疗、低毒高效等优势成为了放射治疗领域的新型手段。从上世纪开始,硼中子俘获疗法已在世界各国崭露头角并逐渐发展起来,已经能够成功治疗脑胶质瘤、黑色素瘤等多种疾病。目前,BNCT面临着如何研发创新更高效的含硼药物,建立更为精确的硼剂量测量体系,以及医用中子源如何摆脱核反应堆等问题。本文对BNCT的原理、优势、进展以及所面临的问题进行简要综述与探究。 相似文献
75.
In this paper, a new inverse identification method of constitutive parameters is developed from full kinematic and thermal field measurements. It consists in reconstructing the heat source field from two different approaches by using the heat diffusion equation. The first one requires the temperature field measurement and the value of the thermophysical parameters. The second one is based on the kinematic field measurement and the choice of a thermo-hyperelastic model that contains the parameters to be identified. The identification is carried out at the local scale, ie, at any point of the heat source field, without using the boundary conditions. In the present work, the method is applied to the challenging case of hyperelasticity from a heterogeneous test. Due to large deformations undergone by the rubber specimen tested, a motion compensation technique is developed to plot the kinematic and the thermal fields at the same points before reconstructing the heterogeneous heat source field. In the present case, the constitutive parameter of the Neo-Hookean model has been identified, and its distribution has been characterized with respect to the strain state at the surface of a cross-shaped specimen. 相似文献
76.
This paper presents a direct model-based predictive control scheme for voltage source inverters (VSIs) with reduced common-mode voltages (CMVs). The developed method directly finds optimal vectors without using repetitive calculation of a cost function. To adjust output currents with the CMVs in the range of –Vdc/6 to +Vdc/6, the developed method uses voltage vectors, as finite control resources, excluding zero voltage vectors which produce the CMVs in the VSI within ±Vdc/2. In a model-based predictive control (MPC), not using zero voltage vectors increases the output current ripples and the current errors. To alleviate these problems, the developed method uses two non-zero voltage vectors in one sampling step. In addition, the voltage vectors scheduled to be used are directly selected at every sampling step once the developed method calculates the future reference voltage vector, saving the efforts of repeatedly calculating the cost function. And the two non-zero voltage vectors are optimally allocated to make the output current approach the reference current as close as possible. Thus, low CMV, rapid current-following capability and sufficient output current ripple performance are attained by the developed method. The results of a simulation and an experiment verify the effectiveness of the developed method. 相似文献
77.
针对采用传统参数估计方法得到的模型拟合误差较大的问题,建立多重威布尔混合分布参数估计的非线性最小二乘模型,并提出基于模拟退火(SA)思想的自适应粒子群(PSO)算法进行求解。在PSO算法优化过程中,采用自适应方法调整惯性权重和加速因子,加快其收敛速度;引入模拟退火机制,根据Metropolis准则确定最优粒子的取舍,改善其全局搜索能力。将该方法应用到某型柴油机喷油器失效分布的参数估计中,并与图解法、基于Levenberg-Marquardt的非线性最小二乘法、标准PSO算法、自适应PSO算法求解的结果进行比较,分析所提方法的优化性能及精度。结果表明,该方法能够有效提高多重威布尔混合分布模型参数估计的精度和效率。 相似文献
78.
针对晶体锗切削加工过程,首先采用热源法及温度叠加原理建立了切削温度场的理论数学模型。然后运用MATLAB软件分别计算出切削速度分别为1.5、2.0、2.5m/s,进给量分别为0.02、0.025mm/r时工件在剪切变形区的温度场,分析了不同切削速度、不同进给量下的温度变化。最后,采用DEFORM-3D软件进行三维切削仿真分析,获得了不同切削参数下工件温度场的云图。计算结果与仿真结果表明:切削速度与进给量的增大会导致切削温度的升高,刀具与工件开始接触时,切削温度、进给量与时间呈线性急剧增加,但温度升高到一定值后会保持相对稳定。相同增量下,进给量对切削温度的影响大于切削速度。不同切削速度和进给量下的仿真结果与理论计算结果误差均小于10%。 相似文献
79.
This study addresses the thermo‐diffusion and the diffusion‐thermo phenomena in a semi‐infinite absorbent channel whose walls are contracting/expanding, with heat source/sink effects. The governing partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions are transformed to a system of dimensionless ordinary differential equations. An analytic solution of the problem has been found using a technique called homotopy analysis method (HAM). HAM gives consistently valid answers to the problem over an extensive variety of parameters and also provides better accuracy. To validate the analytical results, a comparison has been presented with a numerical solution calculated by using the parallel shooting method. The effects of dimensionless parameters, that is, deformation parameter, Reynolds number, Soret and Dufour numbers, and heat source/sink parameter on the expressions of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are analyzed graphically to understand the physics of the deformable channel. It has been noted that the velocity across the channel is higher for the expanding channel, as compared to that for the contracting channel. Also the Soret and Dufour number increases the temperature of the fluid, and decreases the concentration. The temperature profile has an increasing behavior in the case of heat source, and a decreasing behavior in the case of heat sink. 相似文献
80.